HUMAN GROWTH & BEHAVIOR AIM & OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:

The aim of the course is to enable the graduates of social work not only comprehend the personality structure of their client in practice of Social work, but also interpret the personality dynamics both normal and abnormal of the client while working as team member in psychiatric settings.
The course is designed to give the students background knowledge of the stages of normal growth of an individual. The concept of psycho-social development and the psychological dynamics that influence his life patterns with special emphasis on some basic assumptions about human behavior and motivation due emphasis is also given on the environmental influences and the rule of significant people responsible frog the socialization of the individual. It further gives an insight to the students about the development and functioning of human mind. Its adoptive patterns and mechanisms of defense of ego and the proper ways through which these can be resolved.
To give the students knowledge about patterns and dynamics of human growth and development.
To study the concept of psycho-social development of human being while highlighting the factors that influence and are cause and consequences of normal structure of the personality development in this context.
Give insight about the psychological dynamics of problems at different age level.
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
AIMS
The purpose of the course is to equip the students with theoretical and conceptual approaches to the gender issues in the context of development. These issues are placed in the context of the emergence of the women in development / gender and development field. It also provides an overview of social theories of development and introduces the students to key concepts in the analysis of social relations between women and men in different social, cultural, economic and political context to explore gendered dimensions of different development sectors. These might include rural livelihoods and the rural environment, reproductive health and right urban employment and the informal sector etc, the national and international legal provisions for women rights as well.
OBJECTIVES
The course is designed:
To equip the students with conceptual skill needed to understand gender issues in the context of social development.
To examine the nature of gender inequality, the household as a construct and reviewing concepts of power and empowerment.
1. GENDER RELATED KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS
2. GENDER ROLES
3. GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
4. GENDER DISPARITY AS AN IMPEDIMENT  TO DEVELOPMENT
5. STATUS OF WOMEN
6. GENDER ANALYSIS AND MAINSTREAMING IN THE PROJECT CYCLE

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AIMS

The course is aimed to equip student with understanding & insight into nature & types of communities. It will enable students to apply professional community development and organization skills techniques, methods & approaches to organize and develop communities for their betterment and to bring about social change.
OBJECTIVES:
The course is designed to enable the students for making a critical analysis of the socio-economic & culture conditions of the community.
To help students learn basic concepts involved in community development & organization and the method of intervention for betterment of the communities.
To enable the students to acquire the skills required for the identification of community needs & problems and develop workable intervention strategies best suited to the local conditions of the community.
CONTENTS:
A. COMMUNITY
1 Definition, meaning of community sociological criteria of a good community .
2 Types of community and characteristics of each.
B. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
I Concept of community organization
1 Definition scope and purpose of community organization
2 Goals of community organization
3 Related concepts.
a) Community development
b) Community development planning
c) Social police and action.
d) Social reforms and social controls
II HUMAN FACTORS IN COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
a) Motivation for social change
b) Basic human needs their satisfication and frustration
c) Personality leadership and its role in community.
d) Characteristics of rural and urban communties.
e)  Community organization at local and national level.
III Role of Provincial and national council of Social Welfare.
IV Non government organizations, their structure and functions.
V Rural Community Development programes in Pakistan.
C. Community Development
1. Definition and scope of community development.
2. Community organization and development similarities and differences.
3. Working definition of community development.
a. Community Services
b. Community participation
I. Community Development : Concept, Principles and Methods.
a) Definition, Philosophy, and concept of community development.
b) Scope of community development.
c) Social, Political and Economic implications of Community Development and its role in national development.
d) Principles of community development.
e) Different approaches in community development.
 II. Organization and administration of community Development Programme.
Rural and Urban Community Development similarities and Differences Nature and Scope.
Communication and Co-ordination in Community Development.
Stimulation of Voluntary Action and Development of Local Leadership.
Community Services
Community participation
III. PRINCIPLE AND TECHNIQUES OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Step initiating community development through project planning and implementing programmes.
Committee types functions principles and importance of working with committees.

CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH

Research comes in many shapes and sizes. Before a researcher begins to conduct a study he or she must decide on specific type of research. Good researcher understand the advantages and disadvantages or each type.
For classification of research we shall look from four dimension:
1. The purpose of doing research;
2 . The intended uses of research;
3. How it treats time the time dimension in research and
4. The research data collection techniques used in it.

PURPOSE OF DOING RESEARCH

a. Exploratory/ Formularize Research
b. Descriptive Research
c. Explanatory Research

a.  EXPLORATOYR / FORMULATIVE RESEARCH
You may be exploring a new topic or issue in order to learn about it if the issue was new or the researcher has written little on it you began at the beginning. This is called exploratory research the research goal is to formulate more precise questions that future research can answer
Exploratory research may be the first stage in sequence of studies. A researcher may need to know enough to design and execute a second more systematic and extensive study.
When a researcher has limited knowledge about a research issue exploratory  research is useful preliminary step that helps ensure that a more rigorous more conclusive future study will now begin with an inadequate understanding of the nature of the management problem.
Exploratory research rarely yields definitive answer it addresses the what question what is this social activity really about it is difficult to conduct because there are few guidelines to follow. Specifically there could be a number of goals of exploratory research.
Exploratory researcher are creative open minded flexible adopt an investigative stance and explore all sources of information.
Exploratory researchers frequently use qualitative to using as range of evidence and discovering new issues.
For example research on AIDS, for the first time around 1980 illustrates exploratory research. At that time no one knew what type of disease it was, or even it was a disease. No one knew what caused it, how it spread and why it appeared.
 GOALS OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH:
1. Become familiar with the basic facts, people and concerns involved.
2. Develop a well-grounded mental picture of what is occurring.
3. Generate many ideas and develop tentative theories and conjectures.
4. Determine the feasibility of doing additional research.
5. Formulate questions and refine issues for more systematic inquiry.
6. Develop techniques and a sense of direction for future research.

SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUPS AND THE COMMUNITY

             


The baccalaureate [BSW] social worker development beginnig compertency in working with groups and the community as partr of the BSW educaltional program. Accredited BSW programs require coursework in both theory and practice in working with groups and in the community. Many opportunities exist for work with groups and the community exist fro work wht group and the community at the BSW level. Agencies such as family services, hostital, correctional centers, mental health agencies, program that work with disabled persons, schoold social services, youth organizations, and a variety of related service delivery organization use group and community practice methodlogies . It should also be nothed that social workers with MSW degrees are also often employed as community organization workers, sometimes specializing in that area as a field of practice. At this level they mau serve as asministrators of state or federal programs, department heads in a city’s human services division or directors of agencies.
Social work with groups and social work with the community are social work methods that promote the personal growth of individual members group work and enhance the capacity of the community to better serve the needs of its diverse members community practice. Goups may be indentified by their purpose recreational recreation skill educational socialization encounter, self-help and therapy. Community change efforts are facilitated  through social action social palnning and community development approaches. In all the these members of the group or community establish goal and objectives and the facilitator helps the memebers achieve and the facilitator helps the members achieve their goals. Democratic decision making is important to the process. Monitoring and evaluation are major activites used to help the group and community achieve their goals and to enrich practice mehtod
KEY TERMS
Broker     : natural group
Community       : recreation group
Community       : recreation skill group
Development     : self-help group
Educationla group enable    :   social action social palnning
Encounter group     : socialization group
Group       : therapeutic group
Group work
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1 Discuss the similarities and dissimilarties of natureal and organized groups.  The continual reform of state hospitals and the development of alternative systems of care.
THE INTRODUCTION OF PSYCHOALALYSIS
What had been described as the second revolution in the mental health field occurred in the early 1900s with the writings of sigmund  Freud and introduction of psychoanalysis in the United States. Professional metal health workers trained in Freud’s techniques attempted to gain cooperation communication wit patients, seeing them at regular intervals over long periods of time.

POVERTY

                                                                     



“The greatness disease in the West today is not TB or leprosy, it is being unwanted, unloved and uncared for. We can cure physical diseases with medicine, but the only cure for loneliness, despari and hopelessness is love. There are many in the world who are dying for a piece of bread but thesre are many more dying for a little love. The poverty in west is a different kind of poverty—it is not only a poverty of loneliness but also of spirituality. There’s a hunger for love, as there is a hunger for God.”
MOTHER TERESA, A SIMPLE PATH: MOTHER TERESA
You migth be poor, your shoes might be broken, byt your mind is a palace.”
POVERTY IS
It is a multifaceted concept
It is a state
It is a social problem
It is an economic problem
Which includes social, economic and political. Elements. Poverty may be define as either absolute or relative. Absolute Poverty or destitution refers to the lack or means necessary to meet basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter
DEFINTION OF POVERTY
A statee or condition in which a person or community lacks the financial resources and essentials to enjoy a minimum standard of life and well-being that’s considered acceptable in society. Poverty status in the Uniteed States is assigned to people that do not meet a certain thredhold level set by the Department of Health and Human Services.
UN DEFINATION
As the total absence of opportunities, accompanied by high level of undernourishment, illiteracy, lack of education, physhical and mental ailments, emotional and social instability, unhappiness, sorrow and hopelessness for the future. Poverty is also charachterized by a chronic shortage of economics, social and political participation, relegating individuals to exclusion as social beings, preventing access to the benetfits of ecnonomics and social development and thereby limiting their cultural developmetn
The world Bank defines poverty in absolute terms.
The band define extreme poverty as living on less than US$1.25 per day ppp and moderate poverty as less then $2 a day. It has been estimated that in 2014 1.4 billion people had consumption level below US$1.25 a day and 2.7 billion lived on less than $2 a day.
Nearly a quarter of people in the world are living in absolute poverty.
Definitions of Absolute Poverty
ABSOLUTE POVERTY refers to a conditons where a person does not have the minimum amount of income needed to meet the minimum requirments for one or one or more basic living needs over an extended period of time. This includes things like: